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今天,熙煦国际的Lawrence老师继续给大家介绍英语中有关介词短语的用法。
关于介词与副词小品词的修饰
副词可以修饰介词或副词小品词:
l directly above our heads在我们头顶正上方
l quite out of mind(某一个人的)神经相当的不正常
l right off the main road 就在主马路旁边
l well over $100 大大超过100美元
尤其当all意为“完全地”时,它可以同许多介词或副词小品词连用,如all about, all along, all down, all during, all round, all through等,如:
Our baby went on crying all through the night last night. 我们的宝宝昨晚哭了一整夜。
straight常用于动向,而right则常用于目的地,例如:
He went straight to bed after getting home from work last night. 昨晚下班回到家之后,他就径直上床睡觉了。
My uncle lives right at the end of this street. 我叔叔就住在这条街道的尽头。
关于与介词相关的词序:
除了but, during, except, since之外,其他单个介词皆可与其它相关的词分隔开来,如:
在wh-疑问句中
Where did you buy that jacket(from)? 那件夹克衫你是从哪里买到的?
在定语从句中:The painting (that) you are staring at has been sold out already.
您正在盯着看的这幅油画已被全部售空。
在wh-从句中:
What he asked me about is something weird. 他问我的事很诡异。
(这里的介词必须同与其相关的名词分开,即不能说成:About what he asked me is something weird.)
在间接引语宾语从句中:
Tell me where you bought that(from)! 告诉我你是从哪里买到的那个!
(亦可不分开,把介词直接放在疑问代词where之前。这种说法更规范、书面:Tell me from where you bought that!)
在感叹句中:
What trouble he has put me into! 他真是给我带来了麻烦啊!
在被动语态中:Our house was broken into last night.我们家昨夜被(小偷)入室盗窃了。
(在被动句里,介词必须放在末尾,即不能说成:Into our house was broken last night.)
在不定式中:
I need someone to reveal my skills to. 我需要把我的技能展示给某人看看。
如今,在以英语为母语的人士当中,认为介词放在句尾是“文风不正”的已占少数。但是,在一定的程度上,选择放置介词的位置取决于文体与句子的平衡程度,尽量不要出现“头重脚轻”或“头轻脚重”的不平衡情况,比如:
头重脚轻(虽然语法正确,但需避免这样的说法):
To what extent this statement remains valid is my question. 我的问题是在何种程度上这种说法才能保持其正确性。
较好说成:My question is to what extent this statement remains valid.
头轻脚重(虽然语法正确,但需避免这样的说法):
I enjoyed discussing the issue that (或which) he discussed to me about. 我喜欢讨论他跟我所讨论的议题。
I enjoyed discussing the issue about which (不可用that) he discussed to me.
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